THE SOCIAL MEDIA ALGORITHMS & PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION: THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EUROPEAN UNION, CHINA & INDONESIAN LAW

Reni Budi Setianingrum, Mukti Fajar Nur Dewata, Anis Mashdurohatun

Abstract


The social media utilize algorithms to increase productive and targeted promotions which regulate the flow of information circulating in the system, and usually record user habits and monitor their personal activities for business profits. This phenomena raise issues amongst academia about the importance of user confidentiality governance in social media. This research is a normative research using conceptual approach and statutory approach, aims to examine whether an algorithms system breach of personal data protection law in European Union, China and Indonesia. The result of this research is the use of algorithm is not explicitly prohibited in European Union States, China and Indonesian Law. Normatively, algorithms utilization do not breach the data protection law in these three countries as long as it uses with user permission, uses for legal reason, provide explanation and protection to the user personal data.

Keywords


algorithm; social media; personal data protection

Full Text:

PDF

References


Journals:

Alexander, David E. “Social Media in Disaster Risk Reduction and Crisis Management.” Science and Engineering Ethics 20, No. 3 (2014): 717–33.

Anrig, Bernhard, Will Browne, and Mark Gasson. “The Role of Algorithms in Profiling.” In Profiling the European Citizen: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives, (2008).

Barnett, Jeremy, Adriano Soares Koshiyama, and Philip Treleaven. “Algorithms and the Law.” core.ac.uk, n.d.

Bellanova, Rocco. “Digital, Politics, and Algorithms.” European Journal of Social Theory 20, No. 3 (August 2017): 329–47.

Bender, Emily M., Timnit Gebru, Angelina McMillan-Major, and Shmargaret Shmitchell. “On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots: Can Language Models Be Too Big?” FAccT 2021 - Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, (2021), 610–23.

Castelluccia, Claude, and Daniel Le Métayer. “Understanding Algorithmic Decision-Making: Opportunities and Challenges.” European Parliament, (2019).

Cen, Sarah H, and Devavrat Shah. “Regulating Algorithmic Filtering on Social Media.” Cornell University, (2020).

Crawford, Kate, and Megan Finn. “The Limits of Crisis Data: Analytical and Ethical Challenges of Using Social and Mobile Data to Understand Disasters.” GeoJournal 80, No. 4 (2015): 491–502.

Dewi, Sinta. “Konsep Perlindungan Hukum Atas Privasi Dan Data Pribadi Dikaitkan Dengan Penggunaan Cloud Computing Di Indonesia.” Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 5, No. 1 (2016): 22–30.

Denemark, Jaroslav. “Strengthening the European Union By Regulating the Digital Single Market.” Acta Universitatis Carolinae Iuridica 69, No. 2 (2023): 107–23.

Figueiredo, Carlos, and Cesar Bolano. “Social Media and Algorithms: Configurations of the Lifeworld Colonization by New Media.” International Review of Information Ethics 26, (2017).

Gerards, Janneke. “The Fundamental Rights Challenges of Algorithms.” Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 37, No. 3 (September 2019): 205–9.

Gillespie, Tarleton, Pablo J. Boczkowski, and Kirsten A. Foot, eds. Media Technologies. The MIT Press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262525374.001.0001.

Gunawan, Hendro. “Pengukuran Kesadaran Keamanan Informasi Dan Privasi Dalam Sosial Media.” Jurnal Muara Sains, Teknologi, Kedokteran Dan Ilmu Kesehatan 5, no. 1 (May 2021): 1.

Kearns, Michael, Aaron Roth, Zhiwei Steven Wu, and Grigory Yaroslavtsev. “Private Algorithms for the Protected in Social Network Search.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, No. 4 (January 2016): 913–18.

Kumalaratri, Giosita, and Yunanto. “Urgency of the Personal Data Protection Bill on Privacy Rights in Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Unissula 37, No. 1 (2021): 1–13.

Norström, Livia, Anna Sigríður Islind, and Ulrika M. Lundh Snis. “Algorithmic Work: The Impact of Algorithms on Work with Social Media.” ECIS 2020 Research Paper, (2020).

Setiyanto, Fanny Briliansa. “Pengaruh Algoritma Instagram Terhadap Keterikatan Yang Lebih Tinggi Dalam Penggunaan Instagram.” In Geliat Investasi Dalam Pusaran Pandemi: Membaca Celah Pemulihan Ekonomi Nasional Di Era New Normal. Universitas Tidar, (2021).

Spaiser, Viktoria. “Digital Data and Methods.” In Research Handbook on Analytical Sociology, edited by Gianluca Manzo. Elgar, (2021).

Yel, Mesra Betty, and Mahyuddin K. M. Nasution. “Keamanan Informasi Data Pribadi Pada Media Sosial.” Jurnal Informatika Kaputama 6, No. 1 (2022): 92–101.

Books:

Barfield, Woodrow, ed. The Cambridge Handbook of the Law of Algorithms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020.

Fajar, Mukti, and Yulianto Achmad. Dualisme Penelitian Hukum-Normatif Dan Empiris. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2015.

Finn, Ed. What Algorithms Want Imagination in the Age of Computing. The MIT Press, 2018.

Ibrahim, Johnny. Teori & Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif. 3rd ed. Malang: Bayumedia Publishing, 2007.

Kantaatmadja, Mieke Komar. Cyberlaw: Suatu Pengantar. Bandung: ELIPS, 2002.

Klosek, Jacqueline. Data Privacy in the Information Age. Praeger, 2000.

Smith, Rhona K. M. Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia. Edited by Knut D Asplund, Suparman Marzuki, and Eko Riyadi. Yogyakarta: Pusham UII, 2008.

Websites:

“AI Act: A Step Closer to the First Rules on Artificial Intelligence.” European Parliament News, Acessed 2023. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/

Bureau Européen Des Unions De Consommateurs. “Towards European Digital Fairness Beuc Framing Response Paper For The Refit Consultation.” Bureau Européen Des Unions De Consommateurs, Acessed 2023. https://www.beuc.eu/sites/default/files/publications/

“CCPR General Comment No. 16: Article 17 (Right to Privacy), The Right to Respect of Privacy, Family, Home and Correspondence, and Protection of Honour and Reputation.” UN Human Rights Committee, 1988. https://www.refworld.org/docid/453883f922.html.

“CHINA’S REGULATIONS ON ALGORITHMS: Context, Impact, and Comparisons with the EU.” Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Acessed 2023. https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/bruessel/19904.pdf.

“China Provisions on the Management of Algorithmic Recommendations in Internet Information Services,” Acessed 2022. http://www.cac.gov.cn/

“Digiring Oleh Algoritma: Pasrah Atau Balik Arah.” Center for Digital Society, 2022. https://cfds.fisipol.ugm.ac.id/

Galeano, Isabella. “This Algorithm Is a Breach of Human Rights.” Do Better by esade, 2020. https://dobetter.esade.edu/

“GDPR Personal Data.” Intersoft Consulting, n.d. https://gdpr-info.eu/issues/personal-data/.

Itsrys. “Cara Manfaatkan Algoritma Media Sosial Bagi Pemasar Digital.” ITS Online, Acessed 2020. https://www.its.ac.id/

“OECD/LEGAL/0479: Recommendation of the Council on Digital Security Risk Management.” OECD Legal Instruments, Acessed 2022. https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/

“Privacy and Freedom of Expression In the Age of Artificial Intelligence.” Privacy International, Acessed 2018. https://www.article19.org/

“Privacy Policy What Is the Privacy Policy and What Does It Cover?” META, Acessed 2023. https://privacycenter.instagram.com/

Rahman, Faiz, Anisa Pratita Kirana Mantovani, Amelinda Pandu Kusumaningtyas, Nadya Olga Aletha, and Jasmine N.A Putri. “Study on Risks for Consumers Due To Algorithmic Decision-Making and Profiling by e-Commerce and Social Media Platforms in Indonesia.” The Center for Digital Society, Acessed 2022. https://cfds.fisipol.ugm.ac.id/

Subiakto, Henri. “Perlindungan Data Pribadi Dan Tantangannya,” n.d. https://bappeda.kaltimprov.go.id/

Sudibyo, Agus. “Perlindungan Data Pengguna Internet: Menelaah Gdpr Uni Eropa.” In Jagat Digital, Pembebasan Dan Penguasaan. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia, Acessed 2019. https://www.dpr.go.id/




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v11i1.31740

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum Indexed by :

google_scholar onesearch crossref garuda sinta base dimension DOAJ
Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum  
Faculty of Law, UnissulaCopyright of Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum
Jalan Kaligawe Raya KM.4, Terboyo Kulon, Genuk,ISSN 2580-3085 (Online) ISSN 2355-0481 (Print)
Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, 50112JPH is licensed under a