Universitas Islam Sultan Agung - Indonesia
Departemen Konservasi Gigi
LEVELS OF MALONDIALDEHYDE AND CALCITONIN GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE IN PULP INFLAMMATION DUE TO LPS INDUCTION DURATION
Arlina Nurhapsari
Andina Rizkia Putri Kusuma
Universitas Islam Sultan Agung - Indonesia
Departemen Konservasi Gigi
(*) Corresponding Author
Background: Administration Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to pulp tissue might produce inflammation. Inflammation occurs, which can lead to oxidative stress and neuropeptides release. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is an oxidative stress measure, while calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide found in large amounts in the pulp. This study attempted to analyze levels of CGRP and MDA in LPS inflamed rat pulp tissue
Methode: Wistar rats' maxillary incisors were treated to LPS stimulation. A total of 30 mice were separated into six groups, each with five animals. The groups were created by administering LPS to the pulp for 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Rat without pulpal exposure (0 hour) served as controls. Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of MDA and CGRP in the pulp tissue.
Result : MDA and CGRP levels were found to be significantly different in all groups (p0.05 mohon diberi keterangan apakah </>/=). With LPS administration, MDA levels increased on average, whereas CGRP levels fluctuated.
Conclusion: The presence of inflammation in the pulp was shown by changes in MDA and CGRP levels after 6 hours of LPS injection. The effect of rising MDA levels on inflamed pulp tissue did not produce effects that were directly proportional to or vice versa with CGRP levels that showed fluctuated.
Keywords: Inflammation pulp; Lipopolysaccharide; Malondialdehyde; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
- Hargreaves KM, Berman LH. Cohen’s Pathways of the Pulp ed 11.2016.
- Zanini M, Meyer E, Simon S. Pulp Inflammation Diagnosis from Clinical to Inflammatory Mediators: A Systematic Review. Journ al Endod. 2017;43(7):1033- 51.
- Torabinejad M, Walton RE, Fouad AF. Endodontics PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE 5th edition. Elsevier. 2015.
- Ohkura N, Shigetani Y, Yoshiba N, Yoshiba K, Okiji T. Prostaglandin transporting protein-mediated prostaglandin E2 transport in lipopolysaccharide-inflamed rat dental pulp. J Endod [Internet]. 2014;40(8):1112-7. Available from:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/jJoen.2013.12.024
- Renard E, Gaudin A, Bienvenu G, Amiaud J, Farges JC, Cuturi MC, et al. Immune Cells and Molecular Networks in Experimentally Induced Pulpitis. J Dent Res. 2016;95(2):196-205.
- Gloire G, Legrand-Poels S, Piette J. NF-kB activation by reactive oxygen species: Fifteen years later. Biochem Pharmacol. 2006;72(11):1493-505.
- Soetojo A, Cahyadi EK, Prasetyo EA. Malondialdehyde expressions on pulp odontoblast cells after application of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate mixed with water, ethanol, and acetone solvents. Saudi Endod J. 2019;9:96-100.
- Moselhy HF, Reid RG, Yousef S, Boyle SP. A specifi c, accurate, and sensitive measure of total plasma malondialdehyde by HPLC. J Lipid Res. 2013;54(3):852-8.
- Caviedes-Bucheli J, Munoz HR, Azuero- Holguin MM, Ulate E. Neuropeptides in Dental Pulp: The Silent Protagonists. J Endod. 2008;34(7):773-88.
- Berggreen E, Heyeraas KJ. The role of sensory neuropeptides and nitric oxide on pulpal blood flow and tissue pressure in the ferret. J Dent Res. 1999;78(9):1535-43.
- Ning T, Shao J, Zhang X, Luo X, Huang X, Wu H, et al. Ageing affects the proliferation and mineralization of rat dental pulp stem cells under inflammatory conditions. Int Endod J. 2020;53(1):72-83.
- Li M, Tian J, Xu Z, Zeng Q, Chen W, Lei S, et al. Histology-based profile of inflammatory mediators in experimentally induced pulpitis in a rat model: screening for possible biomarkers. Int Endod J. 2021;54(8):1328- 41.
- Kim SA, Lim SS. T lymphocyte subpopulations and interleukin-2, interferon- Y, and interleukin-4 in rat pulpitis experimentally induced by specific bacteria. Vol. 28, Journal of Endodontics. 2002. p. 202-5.
- Ayala A, Munoz MF, Arguelles S. Lipid peroxidation: Production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014;2014.
- Wang H, Ding X, Li S, Zheng H, Zheng X, Navin S, et al. Role of Oxidative Stress in Surgical Cavernous Nerve Injury in a Rat Model. 2015;00(October 2014):1-8.
- Ding L, Song T, Yi C, Huang Y, Yu W, Ling L, et al. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) Improves the Diabetic Cytopathy (DCP) via Up-Regulation of CGRP and cAMP. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):1-7.
- Umoh NA, Walker RK, Millis RM, Al-Rubaiee M, R. PG, Haddad GE. Calcitonin Gene- Related Peptide Regulates Cardiomyocyte Survival through Regulation of Oxidative Stress by PI3K/Akt and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Ann Clin Exp Hypertens. 2014;2(1):1007-.
- Russell FA, King R, Smillie SJ, Kodji X, Brain SD. Calcitonin gene-related peptide: physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev. 2014;94(4):1099-142.
- Luca C De, Baldacci F, Mazzucchi S, Lombardo I, Curto L, Ulivi M, et al. CGRP Inhibitors and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Resistant Migraine: A Real-Life Study with Erenumab , Fremanezumab , and Galcanezumab. 2021;
- Dang H, Li J, Liu C, Fu Y. CGRP attenuates hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress-related injury to alveolar epithelial type II cells via the activation of the Sonic hedgehog pathway. 2017;(2):209-16.
- Liu Y, Zhang S, Xue J, Wei Z, Ao P, Shen B, et al. CGRP Reduces Apoptosis of DRG Cells Induced by High-Glucose Oxidative Stress Injury through PI3K/AKT Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 and Nrf-2 Expression. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019;2019.
- Awawdeh LA, Lundy FT, Linden GJ, Shaw C, Kennedy JG, Lamey PJ. Quantitative analysis of substance P, neurokinin A and calcitonin gene-related peptide in gingival crevicular fluid associated with painful human teeth. Eur J Oral Sci. 2002;110(3):185-91.
