Institutional Roles and Mechanisms in Upholding Legal Protection Under Consumer Protection Law in the Era of Globalization

Wiwik Sri Widiarty, Md Hasnath Kabir Fahim

Abstract


Consumer protection law is essential in safeguarding rights against fraud and unfair practices, relying on both private institutions and governmental enforcement. This study aims to analyze the legal frameworks of consumer protection in Indonesia. It also examines the roles of institutions in the legal enforcement of consumer protection, particularly their function in maintaining the balance of relations between consumers and producers in the context of globalization and extensive online marketing. The methodology employed is normative legal research, which examines Indonesia’s Consumer Protection Law (Law Number 8 of 1999) through the lens of key concepts such as consumer rights, the institutional roles in enforcing these rights, and ensuring fair business practices. The findings underscore the importance of various consumer protection institutions, such as National Consumer Protection Agency (Badan Perlindungan Konsumen Nasional or BPKN), Non-Governmental Consumer Protection Institution (Lembaga Perlindungan Konsumen Swadaya Masyarakat or LPKSM), Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen or BPSK), in Indonesia, which serve to educate, supervise, and assist consumers in resolving disputes with businesses. This study also identifies the challenges in implementing consumer protection law, particularly concerning the broad range of involved institutions, as well as the need for heightened consumer awareness and greater accountability from business actors.

Keywords


Consumer Protection Law; Globalization; Consumer Protection Institutions; Legal Harmonization; Consumer Disputes

Full Text:

PDF

References


Book Section:

Siswanto, Ari., 2020, State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Indonesian competition law and practice, In Advancing Rule of Law in a Global Context, pp. 57-64. Florida, CRC Press;

Journals:

Alsharu, Ahmad Ibrahim, Tasnim Fakri Aldowery, and Nidaa Kadhim Mohammed Jawad., Jordanian Legal Provisions for Electronic Commerce: Consumer Protection Perspectives—A Comparative Study, Beijing Law Review, Vol.15, no.1, 2024, https://doi.org/10.4236/blr.2024.151029;

Arifin, Ridwan, Juan Anthonio Kambuno, Waspiah Waspiah, and Dian Latifiani., Protecting the Consumer Rights in the Digital Economic Era: Future Challenges in Indonesia, Jambura Law Review, Vol.3, 2021, https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v3i0.9635;

Arindrajaya, Safina Callistamalva., Legal Protection Against Cryptocurrency Investors: Overview of Indonesian Consumer Protection Law, Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, Vol.2, no.2, 2022, https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v2i2.32;

Atikah, Ika., Consumer rights protection against price gouging during the covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia, UUM Journal of Legal Studies (UUMJLS), Vol.13, no.2, 2022;

Azizah, Mabarroh., Peran Negara dalam Perlindungan Konsumen Muslim di Indonesia, Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi, Vol.4, no.2, 2021;

Culnan, Mary J., and Robert J. Bies., Consumer privacy: Balancing economic and justice considerations, Journal of social issues, Vol.59, no.2, 2003, https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-4560.00067;

Du, Shuili, and Chunyan Xie., Paradoxes of artificial intelligence in consumer markets: Ethical challenges and opportunities, Journal of Business Research, Vol.129, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.08.024;

Fauzansyah, T., Azhari Yahya, and Iman Jauhari., Legal Protection of Home Buyer Consumer through Sales and Purchase Agreement | Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Konsumen Pembelian Rumah melalui Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli, Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan, Vol.7, no.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v7i2.619;

Fibrianti, Nurul, Budi Santoso, Ro'fah Setyowati, and Yuli Rindyawati., Legal Culture and Legal Consciousness of Consumers: The Influence on Regulation and Enforcement of Consumer Protection Laws, Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies, Vol.8, no.2, 2023, https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v8i2.69336;

Firdaus, Aras, and Jelly Leviza., Pancasila Ideology in Challenges of Globalization on Mineral and Coal Law in Indonesia, Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, Vol.11, no.11, 2023, https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i11.1148;

Galasintu, Sareeya, and Chanakant Loveera., The comparative study on consumer protection laws in ASEAN, Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, Vol.42, no.4, 2021, https://doi.org/10.34044/j.kjss.2021.42.4.13;

Harjono, Dhaniswara K., Hulman Panjaitan, Moermahadi Soerjadjanegara, Abu Hena Mostofa Kamal, and Suwarno Suwarno., Ensuring Fair Business Practices and Consumer Rights: The Role and Impact of Indonesia's Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency, Jurnal Hukum, Vol.40, no.1, 2024, http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jh.v40i1.37177;

Hati, Sri Rahayu Hijrah, and Hamrila Abdul Latip., Behind the curtain of payday lending: revealing consumer insights and ethical challenges in Indonesia and the USA using web-scraping methods, International Journal of Ethics and Systems, Vol.40, no.2, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-03-2023-0060;

Hayati, Adis Nur, and Antonio Rajoli Ginting., Analisis Mekanisme Ganti Rugi Pengembalian Dana Dalam Transaksi E-Commerce Ditinjau Dari Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen, Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum, Vol.15, no.3, 2021, http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/kebijakan.2021.V15.509-526;

Hertanto, Ari Wahyudi., Aspek-aspek Hukum Perjanjian Distributor dan Keagenan (Suatu Analisis Keperdataan), Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, Vol.37, no.3, 2007;

Holijah, Holijah, and M. Rizal., Islamic compensation concept: The consumer dispute settlement pattern in Indonesia, Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam, Vol.6, no.1, 2022, http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v6i1.8951;

Holijah., Evidence from the Largest Muslim Country in the World: Legal Culture of Consumers' Dispute Settlement in the Justice System, Islamic Quarterly, Vol.68, no.1, 2024;

Imanuddin, I., Dewi Anggraeni, R.R., Fridayani, and Susanto., Construction of Consumer Protection Against Illegal Online Loan Transactions as a Means of Ius Constituendum in Indonesia, Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan, Vol.11, no.3, 2023, https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v11i3.1312;

Indrawati, Nanda., Penerapan Asas keadilan Dalam Polis Asuransi kendaraan Bermotor dan Perlindungan Konsumen PT. Asuransi Wahana Tata, Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Vol.5, no.2, 2014;

Jackson, Howell E., and Paul Rothstein., The Analysis of Benefits in Consumer Protection Regulation, Harvard Business Law Review, Vol.9, 2019;

Lira, M. Adnan, Andika Prawira Buana, and Moch Andry Wikra Wardhana Mamonto., Consumer Legal Protection Related to Goods Storage Agreements in Shopping Centers in Realizing Justice, Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan, Vol.12, no.1, 2024, https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v12i1.1454;

Mak, Vanessa, and Evelyne Terryn., Circular economy and consumer protection: The consumer as a citizen and the limits of empowerment through consumer law, Journal of Consumer Policy, Vol.43, no.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-019-09435-y;

Munggaran, Sekararum Intan, Sudjana Sudjana, and Bambang Daru Nugroho., Perlindungan Konsumen Terhadap Pencantuman Klausula Baku Dalam Perjanjian, Acta Diurnal Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan, Vol.2, no.2, 2019;

Nugroho, Agung., Peranan Yayasan Lembaga Konsumen Indonesia Dalam Membantu Masyarakat yang Dirugikan Akibat Iklan yang Menyesatkan, Lex Jurnalica, Vol.11, no.2, 2014;

Nurwanto, Arie, and Ida Hanifah., Tinjauan Yuridis Asas Pacta Sunt Servanda Dalam Perjanjian Pembiayaan Kredit‎ Kendaraan Bermotor (Study Komparatif KUH Perdata Dan Undang-Undang Nomor 8‎ Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen)‎, Iuris Studia: Jurnal Kajian Hukum, Vol.3, no.3, 2022, https://doi.org/10.55357/is.v3i3.316;

Palangkey, Rahmi Dewanty, A. Qadir Gassing, Kasjim Salenda, Marilang Marilang, and Tabhan Syamsu Rijal., Analysis of Islamic Law on Consumer Protection in Hajj and Umrah Business in Indonesia | Analisis Hukum Islam terhadap Perlindungan Konsumen dalam Bisnis Haji dan Umrah di Indonesia, Al-'Adalah, Vol.18, no.1, 2021, https://dx.doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v18i1.7533;

Prastyanti, Rina Arum, and Ridhima Sharma., Establishing Consumer Trust Through Data Protection Law as a Competitive Advantage in Indonesia and India, Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, Vol.4, no.2, 2024, https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v4i2.200;

Prastyanti, Rina Arum, Eiad Yafi, Kelik Wardiono, and Arief Budiono., The Legal Aspect of Consumers' Protection from Pop-Up Advertisements in Indonesia, Lentera Hukum, Vol.8, 2021, https://doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v8i1.23479;

Priskarini, Intan Audia, and Kukuh Tejomurti., The Role of The Financial Services Authority in The Legal Protection of Privacy Rights in Connection with Personal Data of Fintech Lending Debtor in Indonesia, Padjadjaran Journal of Law, Vol.6, no.3, 2019;

Purwanti, Maya Novira, and Achmad Hariri., Perlindungan Hukum bagi Konsumen atas Kelangkaan Minyak Goreng Ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, Sultan Jurisprudence: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum, Vol.2, no.1, 2022, https://dx.doi.org/10.51825/sjp.v2i1.15055;

Rahmawati, Ema, and Lastuti Abubakar., Peranan Penyelesaian Sengketa Pasar Modal: Suatu Tinjauan Atas Perkara Perdata Terkait Transaksi Repo, Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum, Vol.4, no.1, 2019;

Ramlan, and Nahrowi., Halâl Certification as an Application of Islamic Business Ethics in Muslim Consumer Protection | Sertifikasi Halal sebagai Penerapan Etika Bisnis Islami dalam Upaya Perlindungan bagi Konsumen Muslim, Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Vol.14, no.1, 2014;

Rehman, Nayila, M. Hamidi Masykur, and Setiawan Wicaksono., Legal Reform the Meaning of Final and Binding Decisions of the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (Review of the Consumer Protection Act and Supreme Court Cassation Decision), Journal of Law and Legal Reform, Vol.5, no.2, 2024, https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v5i2.2508;

Rhein, Sebastian, and Marc Schmid., Consumers’ awareness of plastic packaging: More than just environmental concerns, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol.162, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105063;

Rizal, Muhammad Saiful, Yuliati Yuliati, and Siti Hamidah., Legal Protection of Personal Data for Consumers in Online Transportation Exoneration Clause | Perlindungan Hukum atas Data Pribadi bagi Konsumen dalam Klausula Eksonerasi Transportasi Online, Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, Vol.27, no.1, 2019;

Rosadi, Sinta Dewi, and Zahra Tahira., Consumer protection in digital economy era: law in Indonesia, Yustisia Jurnal Hukum, Vol.7, no.1, 2018, https://dx.doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v7i1.20144;

Salim, Rusnaldi., Perlindungan Konsumen dalam Kepailitan, Jurnal Hukum, Vol.36, no.1, 2020, http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jh.v36i1.11195;

Salvia, Merva Putri, and Luh Putu Yeyen Karista Putri., Constitutionality of the Execution of Fiduciary Guarantees within the Framework of Consumer Rights Protection | Konstitusionalitas Eksekusi Jaminan Fidusia dalam Kerangka Perlindungan Hak Konsumen, Jurnal Konstitusi, Vol.21, no.2, 2024, https://doi.org/10.31078/jk2127;

Setiamandani, Emei Dwinanarhati., Kemandirian Konsumen di Era Globalisasi dan Perdagangan Bebas (Kajian Mengenai Undang-undang Perlindungan Konsumen No. 8 Tahun 1999 terhadap Perlindungan Hak-hak Konsumen), Widya Yuridika, Vol.1, no.1, 2028, https://dx.doi.org/10.22184/wy.v1i1.523;

Setyawan, Gannis Indra, Kurniawan Kurniawan, and Lalu Wira Pria Suhartana., Legal Protection of Consumer Rights in the Purchase of the Airplane’s Passengers Insurance Premiums through Traveloka Sites | Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Hak-Hak Konsumen Penumpang Pesawat Udara dalam Pembelian Premi Asuransi melalui Situs Traveloka, Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan, Vol.7, no.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v7i1.632;

Siddiq, Nakzim Khalid, Wahyuddin Wahyuddin, and Johan Rahmatulloh., Efficiency of Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency in Consumer Dispute Settlement in Indonesia, Trunojoyo Law Review, Vol.4, no.2, 2022, https://doi.org/10.21107/tlr.v4i2.18615;

Siregar, Sutan Pinayungan., Kepastian Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen Sesuai Dengan Ketentuan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen, Journal of Law, Administration, and Social Science, Vol.4, no.2, 2024, https://doi.org/10.54957/jolas.v4i2.619;

Sukarmi, Sukarmi, and Yudhi Tri Permono., Perlindungan Hukum Konsumen Dalam Transaksi Secara Online, Jurnal Hukum, Vol.35, no.1, 2019, http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jh.v35i1.11046;

Sulistianingsih, Dewi, Christian Chandra Wijaya, Rahmawati Mohd Yusoff, and Yuli Prasetyo Adhi., Juridical Consequences of Anticipatory Breach as a Form of Breach of a Contract, Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies, Vol.9, no.1, 2024, https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.vol9i1.4537;

Suryadi, Narya, Yuniar Rahmatiar, and Muhamad Abas., Tinjauan yuridis terhadap keberadaan lembaga perlindungan konsumen swadaya masyarakat di kabupaten karawang berdasarkan undang-undang nomor 8 tahun 1999 tentang perlindungan konsumen, Jurnal Ilmu Hukum the Juris, Vol.7, no.1, 2023, https://doi.org/10.56301/juris.v7i1.880;

Suryamah, Aam, Deviana Yuanitasari, Irene Maria Angela, and Muhammadafeefee Assalihee., Regulation and Application of the Doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitur in the Settlement of Consumer Disputes in Indonesia, Journal of Law and Legal Reform, Vol.5, no.1, 2024, https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.vol5i1.2103;

Syahrin, Muhammad Alvi., Konsep Keabsahan Kontrak Elektronik Berdasarkan Hukum Nasional Dan Uncitral Model Law on Electronic Commerce Tahun 1996: Studi Perbandingan Hukum Dan Impilkasinya Dalam Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen, Repertorium: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Kenotariatan, Vol.9, no.2, 2020;

Tambuwun, Tyrsa Tesalonika., Peranan Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan (Bpom) Dalam Perlindungan Konsumen Yang Mengandung Zat Berbahaya, Lex Privatum, Vol.8, no.4, 2020;

van Aken, Dirk., Assessing risks–challenges posed by the European general product safety directive, Injury control and safety promotion, Vol.9, no.3, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1076/icsp.9.3.151.8706;

Wariati, Ambar, and Nani Irma Susanti., E-commerce dalam perspektif perlindungan konsumen, ProBank, Vol.1, no.1, 2014;

Wicaksono, Raka, Andriyanto Adhi Nugroho, and Rosalia Dika Agustanti., Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Indihome Ditinjau Dari Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen, Jurnal Ilmiah Penegakan Hukum, Vol.8, no.2, 2021, https://doi.org/10.31289/jiph.v8i2.4793;

Yasa, I. Gst Made Oka Sedana, I. Ketut Sudiatmaka, and Si Ngurah Ardhya., Peran Yayasan Lembaga Perlindungan Konsumen Terkait Kerugian Konsumen Ditinjau Berdasarkan Pasal 8 Huruf F Undang–Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen (Studi Kasus Kerugian Konsumen Terhadap Pembelian Rumah Subsidi di Wilayah Kabupaten Tabanan), Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia, Vol.4, no.2, 2021;

Yuanitasari, Deviana, and Hazar Kusmayanti., The Existence of BPSK (Consumer Dispute Settlement Body) in the Supervision of the Standard Clause in Indonesian Consumer Protection Law System | Eksistensi Bpsk (Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen) Dalam Pengawasan Pencantuman Klausula Baku Dalam Sistem Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen Indonesia, Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan, Vol.7, no.3, 2019, https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v7i3.676;

Yuanitasari, Deviana, Hazar Kusmayanti, and Agus Suwandono., A comparison study of strict liability principles implementation for the product liability within Indonesian consumer protection law between Indonesia and United States of America law, Cogent Social Sciences, Vol.9, no.2, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2246748;

Yudi, Monareh ReginA Merine., Peranan Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan Dalam Melindungi Nasabah Bank Menurut UU No. 7 Tahun 2009, Lex Privatum, Vol.4, no.3, 2016;

Zard, Lex, and Alan M. Sears., Targeted Advertising and Consumer Protection Law in the EU, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, Vol.56, no.3, 2023.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jh.v40i2.40717

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Hukum Indexed by :

google_scholar onesearch garuda crosref onesearch sinta sinta scopus
Jurnal Hukum
   
Faculty of Law, UnissulaCopyright of Jurnal Hukum
Jalan Kaligawe Raya KM.4, Terboyo Kulon, Genuk,ISSN 1412-2723 ( Print )e-ISSN 2723-6668 ( Online )
Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, 50112