The effect of ethanol extract of Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) on kidney damage in tartrazine-induced rats

Mhd Bayu Azhari*  -  Biology Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Husnarika Febriani  -  Biology Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Syukriah Syukriah  -  Biology Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

(*) Corresponding Author
DOI: 10.30659/sainsmed.v13i2.27610

Tartrazine is a yellow synthetic dye with aromatic and chromo groups. It is widely used in food colouring products and cosmetics, and prolonged consumption can cause kidney damage. Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) is a North Sumatra-native spice plant which reported as antioxidant to repair kidney damage. This study was conducted to determine the effect of ethanol extract of andaliman fruit on the morphology, ureum levels, histology, and glomerular diameter of tartrazine-induced rats. This study employed a completely randomised design (CRD). The ethanol extract of andaliman fruit was dissolved in CMC-Na 1%. Twenty-five rats were divided into 5 groups: negative control (KN), positive control (tartrazine indcution/PN), and treated groups (P1, P2, and P3 induced tartazine and treated with andaliman extract at dose 150 mg/kg BW, 300 mg/kg BW, and 450 mg/kg BW, respectively). After 30 days treatment, kidney damage was observed based on colour and surface of kidneys, kidney index, ureum level, kidney damage score, and glomerular diameter. There are no significant different in the kidney index among groups (p > 0.05). Tartrazin at a dose of 15 mg/kg BW was able to induce the kidney damage as indicated by the increase ureum levels, kidney damage score, and the decrease of glomerular diameter in the negative control. The treatment of andaliman fruit ethanol extract was able to repair the tartazine-induced kidney damage as indicated by the decrease of ureum level and kidney damage score and incread the glomerular diameter.

Keywords: Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC; Tartrazine; Kidney damage; Toxicity; Antioxidant

  1. Adawiah, A., Dede, S., Anna, M. (2015). Aktivitas antioksidan dan kandungan komponen bioaktif sari buah namnam. Jurnal Kimia Valensi, 1 (2): 130-136. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v0i0.3155
  2. Alfaridz, F & Amalia, R. (2018). Klasifikasi dan aktivitas farmakologi dari senyawa aktif flavonoid. Jurnal Farmaka, 16 (3):1-9. https://doi.org/10.24198/jf.v16i3.17283
  3. Anggraini. (2008). Gambaran makroskopis dan mikroskopis hati dan ginjal mencit akibat pemberian plumbun asetat. Tesis. Sekolah Pasca Sarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan
  4. BPOM. (2019). Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan tentang Bahan Tambahan Pangan. https://standarpangan.pom.go.id/dokumen/peraturan/202x/Peraturan_Badan_Pengawas_Obat_Dan_Makanan_Nomor_29_Tahun_2021_Tentang_Persyaratan_Bahan_Tambahan_Pangan_Campuran.pdf. Accessed on 21 December 2021.
  5. Guyton & Hall. (2007). Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran Edisi ke 11. Jakarta : EGC.
  6. Hasanah, U., Hammad, H., Rachmadi, A. (2020). Hubungan kadar ureum dan kreatinin dengan tingkat fatigue pada pasien Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) yang menjalani hemodialisa. Jurnal Citra Keperawatan, 8 (2): 86-92. https://doi.org/10.31964/jck.v8i2.158
  7. Hasibuan, V. M., Hafrizal, R., Inarah, F., Yoga, P., Nasrullah. (2015). Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol daun simpur (Dillenia indica L.) terhadap indeks organ limpa, paru-paru dan ginjal pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) galur wistar. Jurnal Mahasiswa Farmasi Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan UNTAN. 3 (1): 1-11. https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jmfarmasi/article/view/30981/75676579913.
  8. Khayyat, L., Essawy, A., Sorour, J., & Soffar, A. (2017). Tartrazine induces structural and functional aberrations and genotoxic effects in vivo. PeerJ, 2017(2): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3041
  9. Laksmi, N. L. G., Ketut, A. D., I Made Damriyasa. (2014). Bioaktivitas ekstrak daun tapakdara (Catharanthus roseus) terhadap kadar kreatinin dan ureum darah tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus). Jurnal Buletin Veteriner Udayana. 6 (2): 147-152. https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/buletinvet/article/view/10626
  10. Mustika, W. M., Kuarniaty, N., Asukanta, S. (2015). Analisis kadar tartrazin dalam minuman ringan tidak berlabel pada Sekolah Dasar di Bandung menggunakan metode spektrofotometri Uv-Vis. Prosiding Penelitian SPESIA Universitas Islam Bandung, Februari (2015): 86-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/.v0i0.556
  11. Purba, S. D., Silvana, T., Tyas, R. S. (2021). Pengaruh air redaman batang balimo (Zanthoxylum nitidum) terhadap histologis ginjal tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) setelah diberi ciu. Jurnal Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi. 6 (1): 7-16. https://doi.org/10.14710/baf.6.1.2021.7-16
  12. Shafira, N., Ayu, P. R., & Susianti. (2019). Potensi bit merah (Beta vulgaris L .) sebagai nefroprotektor dari kerusakan ginjal akibat radikal bebas. Medula, 9 (2): 322-327. https://juke.kedokteran.unila.ac.id/index.php/medula/article/view/2647/pdf
  13. Sinaga, R. E., & Prasetyo, H. A. (2019). Upaya memperpanjang masa simpan andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium D) Studi Kasus Desa Bandar Huta Usang Kabupaten Dairi. Jurnal Agroteknosains, 3 (2): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.36764/ja.v3i2.264
  14. Sitanggang, F. M. C., Duniaji, A. S., & Pratiwi, I. D. P. K. (2019). Daya hambat ekstrak buah andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium Dc) dalam etil asetat terhadap pertumbuhan Escherichia coli. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan (ITEPA), 8(3): 257-266. https://doi.org/10.24843/itepa.2019.v08.i03.p04
  15. Surya, A. M., Pertiwi, D., & Masrul, M. (2018). Hubungan protein urine dengan laju filtrasi glomerulus pada penderita penyakit ginjal kronik dewasa di RSUP Dr. M.Djamil Padang tahun 2015-2017. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 7(4): 469-474. https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v7i4.903
  16. Syarif, R. A., Muhajir, Ahmad, A. R., & Malik, A. (2015). Identifikasi golongan senyawa antioksidan dengan menggunakan metode peredaman radikal DPPH ekstrak etanol daun Cordia myxa L. Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia, 2 (1): 83-89. https://doi.org/10.33096/jffi.v2i1.184
  17. Togatorop, Desy., Taufiq, F. P., Djon Wongkar., Martha, M. K. (2016). Gambaran Histologik Ginjal Tikus Wistar yang Diberikan Jus Tomat Setelah Diinduksi Dengan Monosodium Glutamat. Jurnal e-Biomedik. 4 (2): 1-4. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/ebiomedik/article/view/14664
  18. Ungu, K. (2020). Ginjal Sehat Dengan Tanaman Herbal Pilihan. Guepedia. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=y41LEAAAQBAJ. Accessed on 21 April 2021.
  19. Visweswaran, B & Kishnamoorthy. (2012). oxidative stress by tartrazine in the testis of wistar rats. Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSRJPBS). 2 (3): 44-49. https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jpbs/papers/vol2-issue3/J0234447.pdf
  20. Yulyani., Igm Aman., Wimpie, P., Febrian , M. S. (2017). Pemberian resveratrol oral mencegah peningkatan F2-isoprostan urin tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan yang dipapar tartrazin. Jurnal Biomedik. 9 (1): 24-29. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/biomedik/article/viewFile/15316/14867

Open Access Copyright (c) 2022 Sains Medika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
is published by Faculty of Medicine Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Indonesia in association with FOKI (FORUM KEDOKTERAN ISLAM INDONESIA).

Contact: Jl. Raya Kaligawe Km.4, PO BOX 1054/SM Semarang 50112, Indonesia
Phone: +62 8122-9933-369
Website: https://fkunissula.ac.id
Email: sainsmedika@unissula.ac.id

ISSN: 2339-093X (Online) | 2085-1545 (Print)
DOI : 10.30659/sainsmed

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Get a feed by atom here, RRS2 here and OAI Links here

apps