Revitalizing Justice in Fiqh: Revisiting Non-Retroactive Principles to Address Sexual Violence

Iqbal Kamalludin*    -  Universitas Islam Negeri K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan, Indonesia
Bunga Desyana Pratami    -  Universitas Islam Negeri K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan, Indonesia
Syarifa Khasna    -  Universitas Islam Negeri K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan, Indonesia
Alamul Yaqin    -  Universitas Islam Negeri K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan, Indonesia
Achmad Jauhari Umar    -  Ez Zitouna University, Tunisia

(*) Corresponding Author
DOI: 10.30659/jua.v7i2.31028

Handling sexual violence cases requires a holistic, human rights-based approach, encompassing prevention, protection, law enforcement, recovery, and ensuring victims' access to justice. Islam advocates equality for all, but its implementation is constrained by the improper handling of many sexual violence cases due to the non-retroactive Sexual Violence Law. This paper proposes the urgency of upholding the principle of retroactivity in criminal law and Fiqh Jinayah to build an anti-sexual violence construction based on justice and equality. This normative juridical research employs conceptual, statutory, philosophical, and historical approaches. This approach provides an in-depth understanding of the concept of justice in the handling of sexual violence, according to Sharia. This study uses the Islamic legal literature and comparative legal studies to examine the urgency of upholding the retroactive principle in criminal law and Fiqh Jinayah. This study confirms that applying the retroactive principle to sexual violence is consistent with the six characteristics of Maqasid Sharia: cognitive nature, interconnectedness, wholeness, openness, multidimensionality, and purposefulness. The retroactive principle is necessary in cases of sexual violence as the primary rule in addressing such crimes, in addition to complementing existing laws and regulations. This principle is crucial to ensure fair law enforcement in cases of sexual violence.

Keywords: Justice; Retroactive Principle; Sexual Violence

  1. Anastasia, Oleh, and Hana Sitompul. “Kajian Hukum Tentang Tindak Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Anak Di Indonesia.” Lex Crimen 4, no. 1 (2015): 46–56.
  2. Arief, Barda Nawawi. Beberapa Aspek Pengembangan Ilmu Hukum Pidana. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro Press, 1994.
  3. Ariyanti, Vivi. “Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Di Indonesia Yang Berkeadilan Gender Dalam Ranah Kebijakan Formulasi, Aplikasi, Dan Eksekusi.” Halu Oleo Law Review 3, no. 2 (2019): 178. doi:10.33561/holrev.v3i2.8654.
  4. Ayuningtyas, Kusumasari. “Hentikan ‘Tradisi’ Penghakiman Korban Pelecehan Seksual | SOSBUD: Laporan Seputar Seni, Gaya Hidup Dan Sosial | DW | 29.06.2021,” 2021.
  5. Badruzaman, Dudi. “Keadilan Dan Kesetaraan Gender Untuk Para Perempuan Korban Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (Kdrt).” Tahkim (Jurnal Peradaban Dan Hukum Islam) 3, no. 1 (2020): 103–24. doi:10.29313/tahkim.v3i1.5558.
  6. Cahyani, Yulianti Ningsih, Alfa Galih Verdiantoro, and Febriyanti Uma. “Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Korban Tindak Kekerasan Seksual Kaum Tunarungu Dalam Prespektif Hukum Pidana.” Mimbar Keadilan 13, no. 2 (2020): 218–28. doi:10.30996/mk.v13i2.3941.
  7. Citraarga, Farida Nusrat. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Disabilitas Sebagai Korban Kekerasan Seksual Di Kabupaten Boyolali.” Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 53, no. 9 (2013): 1689–99.
  8. Diamond, Dessica, Edi Yunara, and Muhammad Ekaputra. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Lelaki Dewasa Korban Tindak Pidana Perkosaan (Analisis Perbandingan Hukum Pidana Dan RKUHP).” Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2020.
  9. Fajar, Mukti, and Yulianto Achmad. “Dualisme Penelitian Hukum Normatif Dan Empiris.” Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2010.
  10. Francis, Leslie Pickering, and John G. Francis. “Criminalizing Health-Related Behaviors Dangerous to Others? Disease Transmission, Transmission-Facilitation, and the Importance of Trust.” Criminal Law and Philosophy 6, no. 1 (2012): 47–63. doi:10.1007/s11572-011-9136-7.
  11. Hardjaloka, Loura. “Criminal Justice System of Children: An Overview Restorative Justice Concept in Indonesia and Other Countries.” Journal of Dinamika Hukum 15, no. 1 (2015): 73–81.
  12. Hartanto, Dwiyana Achmad. “KONTRIBUSI HUKUM ISLAM DALAM PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM PIDANA DI INDONESIA (Studi Pidana Cambuk Di Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam).” Al-Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Hukum 2, no. 2 (2017). doi:10.22515/al-ahkam.v2i2.147.
  13. Herieningsih Sunarto; Faiqoh, Lia, Sri Widowati; Sunarto. “Pelecehan Seksual: Maskulinisasi Identitas Pada Mahasiswi Jurusan Teknik Elektro Undip.” Interaksi Online 1, no. 3 (2013): 1–22.
  14. Idris, Muhammad. “UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KAUM PENYANDANG DISABILITAS DARI KEJAHATAN PELECEHAN SEKSUAL (Studi Kasus Unit Pelaksana Teknis Daerah Perlindungan Perempuan Dan Anak (UPTD PPA) Kota Jambi).” UIN Sutha Jambi. Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi, 2020.
  15. Ismail, Zulkifli, Melanie Pita Lestari, Panti Rahayu, and Fransiska Novita. “Kesetaraan Gender Ditinjau Dari Sudut Pandang Normatif Dan Sosiologis” 26, no. 28 (2020): 154–61.
  16. Juhari. “Restorative Justice Dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Spektrum Hukum 14, no. 2 (2017): 181–98. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.35973/sh.v14i1.1104.
  17. Kamalludin, I, H Suhendar, and ... “Legal Politics In Indonesia’s Criminal Policy of Sexual Harassment: Problems and Challenges.” … Gender Dan … 01, no. 01 (2022): 27–43.
  18. Kamalludin, Iqbal, and B. N. Arief. “Kebijakan Reformasi Maqâshid Al-Syarîah Dan Kontribusinya Dalam Formulasi Alternatif Keringanan Pidana Penjara.” Al-’Adalah 15, no. 1 (2019): 181–218. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v%vi%i.2931.
  19. Kamalludin, Iqbal, Bunga Desyana Pratami, Fifink Praiseda Alviolita, Adissya Mega Christia, and Achmad Jauhari Umar. “Sexual Violence and the Politics of Criminal Law in Indonesia: A Gender Equality Approach and Maqāsid Al-Sharī’a.” Asy-Syir’ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Hukum 57, no. 1 (2023): 51–81.
  20. Kemenpppa. “KEMENTERIAN PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK,” 2017.
  21. “Komnas Perempuan: Kasus Kekerasan Seksual Di Lingkungan Pendidikan, Paling Tinggi Di Universitas,” n.d.
  22. Kurnianingsih, Sri. “Pelecehan Seksual Terhadap Perempuan Di Tempat Kerja.” Understanding Housing Defects XI, no. 2 (2003): 116. doi:10.4324/9780080936826-18.
  23. Luluardi, Yunas Derta, Iqbal Kamalludin, Syarifa Khasna, Bunga Desyana Pratami, and Muhammad Fairuz Hasan Azami. “Gender Equality-Based Anti-Sexual Violence Islamic Boarding School at Ribatul Muta’alimin Islamic Boarding School, Pekalongan City.” Islamic Studies Journal for Social Transformation, 2023, 110–23.
  24. Marpaung, Zaid Alfauza. “Kebijakan Hukuman Mati Bagi Pelaku Tindak Pidana Korupsi Dalam Perspektif Hukum.” Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi, 1, 7, no. Hukum (2019): 31.
  25. Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. 16th ed. Surabaya: Kencana, 2021.
  26. Miskari, Miskari. “Politik Hukum Islam Dan Maqasid Al-Syariah.” Al Imarah : Jurnal Pemerintahan Dan Politik Islam 4, no. 1 (2019): 57. doi:10.29300/imr.v4i1.2168.
  27. Muhaimin. Metode Penelitian Hukum. 1st ed. Mataram: Mataram University Press, 2020.
  28. Purwati, Ani. METODE PENELITIAN HUKUM TEORI DAN PRAKTEK. Semarang: Jakad Media Publishing, 2018.
  29. Rofiah, S. “Harmonisasi Hukum Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Perempuan Penyandang Disabilitas Korban Kekerasan Seksual.” Qawwam 11, no. September 2016 (2017): 133–50.
  30. Rusyidi, Binahayati, Antik Bintari, and Hery Wibowo. “Pengalaman Dan Pengetahuan Tentang Pelecehan Seksual: Studi Awal Di Kalangan Mahasiswa Perguruan Tinggi (Experience and Knowledge on Sexual Harassment: A Preliminary Study Among Indonesian University Students).” Share : Social Work Journal 9, no. 1 (2019): 75. doi:10.24198/share.v9i1.21685.
  31. Salamor, Yonna Beatrix, and Anna Maria Salamor. “Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Perempuan (Kajian Perbandingan Indonesia-India).” Balobe Law Journal 2, no. 1 (2022): 7. doi:10.47268/balobe.v2i1.791.
  32. Setiadi, Edi. “Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Wanita Dari Tindakan Kekerasan.” Mimbar, 2001, 343.
  33. Sudirman. Fiqh Kontemporer: (Contemporary Studies of Fiqh). 1st ed. Sleman: Deepublish, 2018.
  34. Widyastuti. “Peta Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (Studi Atas Perkara Perceraian Di Pengadilan Agama Batang Tahun 2015 )” 8, no. 2 (2016): 244–57.
  35. Wignjosoebroto, S. Hukum: Konsep Dan Metode. Setara Press, 2013.

Open Access Copyright (c) 2024 Iqbal Kamalludin, Bunga Desyana Pratami, Syarifa Khasna, Alamul Yaqin, Achmad Jauhari Umar
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

ULUL ALBAB: Jurnal Studi dan Penelitian Hukum Islam
Published by Department of Sharia, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang
Jl. Kaligawe Ray KM. 4 Semarang, Indonesia
Phone: +62 81359100363
Website: http://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/ua
Email: jurnalululalbab@unissula.ac.id

ULUL ALBAB stats

ISSN: 2597-6168 (Print)
ISSN: 2597-6176 (Online)
DOI : 10.30659/jua

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

Get a feed by atom here, RRS2 here and OAI Links here

apps